What is malignant hyperthermia?

Malignant hyperthermia is specifically identified as a life-threatening condition that can be triggered by certain anesthetics, particularly volatile anesthetic agents and the muscle relaxant succinylcholine. This genetic disorder causes a rapid increase in calcium levels in the muscle cells, leading to a hypermetabolic state characterized by a rapid rise in body temperature, muscle rigidity, and increased carbon dioxide production.

Immediate recognition and intervention are critical, as the condition can result in serious complications, including cardiac arrest and death if not treated promptly. The standard treatment involves administering dantrolene, which helps to counteract the effects of the increased calcium levels in the muscle.

In contrast to the other options, malignant hyperthermia is not a common reaction to all anesthetics, nor is it a rare condition that lacks serious consequences. It is also not simply a typical temperature rise during surgery; rather, it is an extreme and dangerous elevation of body temperature necessitating urgent medical attention.